Natsume Soseki’s Kokoro

Tips on How to Write a Position Paper

Tips on How to Write a Position PaperYou need to have a good grasp of writing a position paper before you get into the writing part. There are lots of different ways to write a paper, depending on what is being presented. Writing a paper will be essential in the field of employment. This is because this will be your opportunity to show a potential employer that you can handle the job and that you know what it takes to get a job done.The first tip on how to write a position paper is to break down what you want to present to the employer. A job interview is a time when someone is evaluating the person to be hired. They need to know the kind of experience you have, how experienced you are and what type of work you are capable of doing. When writing a paper, this information needs to be put into words. You can do this by looking at the job description that is included in the job posting, as well as what the requirements for that particular job are.Writing a paper is not as easy as just h aving a job with an employer. There are many things that need to be included in a resume to make it attractive. People often overlook these details, and they end up not getting the job they were originally applying for. If you take the time to look over the written requirements, then it will help you be able to build your resume, and to write a paper that is able to get you the job you were looking for.When you start to write a paper, you should know what to do. There are some things that you should think about when you are just starting out. There are also some tips and tricks that you should know. Once you know how to write a position paper, you will know how to get through a professional resume, as well as any other papers that you need to write in order to improve your resume.When you are writing a paper, make sure that you have enough room in it. Your resume may have already been filled out. You need to keep your resume concise. You will find that sometimes just by sticking to a small space, you will be able to use the information that you already have to add something new to it. There are going to be many different things that you can do to make the information you have to stand out.Make sure that all of your paper has a header that contains your name, and contact information. You may also want to include your telephone number if it is provided. All of this information should be stated clearly. Any information that you need to include in your paper is going to be listed in this header. This is the one thing that makes it easy for the employer to read and to know who you are.Your conclusion should be in bold type. You need to state your closing statement with clarity. Make sure that you state what you want to do for your future employer, and that you explain why you need to be hired. You should make sure that you state exactly why you are looking for the job, and that you make this clear.There are many things that can be learned about writing a paper. In most cases, the first draft is going to be the best. It is better to wait until you know what you are writing before you write it. After you know how to write a position paper, the rest will just come much easier.

Book Riots Deals of the Day for August 1st, 2019

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Human Trafficking Is A Crime - 979 Words

There are more slaves in the world today than there were when Abraham Lincoln wrote the Emancipation Proclamation. It’s called Human Trafficking. A couple of years ago, there was a trafficking bust in Kansas City, where a man was trafficking his 14 year old stepdaughter, in the basement of sex shops. Thirty to Forty men would come every night to rape his daughter.(1) Human trafficking is a crime in almost every corner of the world. Now the question is, how can we stop it? Human trafficking is the transportation or the harbouring of individuals through means of forced fraud or coercion and for the purpose of some type of exploitation. Exploitation is at the heart of human trafficking.(1) In sex trafficking, exploitation implies the forced prostitution or sexual abuse of vulnerable men, women, and children. They experience several stages of degradation and physical and psychological torture.(1) Victims are trafficked across both national and international borders in every part of the world. They often pass among many traffickers, moving further and further away from home. (3)Anyone can be a victim of human trafficking. In the case of sex trafficking, a victim is brought under the control of her trafficker and is introduced into her life of prostitution and forced into a lifestyle of systematic rape. The traffickers have become very sophisticated at breaking down their victim to be able to put them out on the street. We think, oh well they chose this life, to make moneyShow MoreRelatedThe Crime Of Human Trafficking1614 Words   |  7 Pagescountries that traffic humans the most are due to complicated issues. These issues can be affecting those who are female, socioeconomically disadvantaged, and from marginalized ethnicities (Golbya, 2015, p. 28). This crime of human trafficking is also more complex than other crimes, because it generally does not account for other circumstances. Other circumstances include, immigrants, runaways, and individuals that ord er wives to name a few. The UN defines human trafficking as an act related toRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Crime Essay1873 Words   |  8 Pagesno way to ask for help. Human trafficking is a crime that has many victims! Not only those who are trafficked suffer but also the families of these victims feel the same scare, hurt and worry each victim does. They are forced to leave there love ones behind, while some of them are never seen again. This crime has spread around the world doing nothing but providing heartless masters and employees with a never ending supply of people to abuse in order to gain wealth. Human Tracking is comparable toRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Global Crime1439 Words   |  6 PagesHuman trafficking, by definition, is â€Å"the illegal movement of people, typically for the purposes of forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation.† Most people would say that human trafficking is a very serious crime that needs to be better regulated and the laws p ertaining to it needs to be more enforced to help those enslaved within break free. Others may say that because human trafficking is such a large and worldwide â€Å"business† that makes millions each year, it will be extremely difficult toRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Hidden Crime1565 Words   |  7 PagesHuman trafficking are the illegal activity of people, usually for the purposes of obligatory workforce or commercial sexual abuse. In other words, it is also defined as a modern-day form of slavery involving the illegal occupation of persons for exploitation or sexual abuse. Human trafficking is a hidden crime as victims rarely try their best to seek help because of language problems, scared of the abuser and lack of law enforcement. Every year, millions of males, females, and youngsters are traffickedRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Serious Crime1497 Words   |  6 PagesNumber One: Introductory Post Posted March 15th, 2017. Thousands of men, women and children fall into the hands of human traffickers, in both their countries and in other countries each year. Whether it be a country of origin, transit, or a destination, nearly every country in the world is being affected by human trafficking. Human trafficking is a serious crime and a violation of all human rights here in Australia. It involves the recruitment, movement and exploitation of a person which consists ofRead MoreEssay on Human Trafficking Crime1303 Words   |  6 PagesHuman trafficking is one of the most gfmoney making crime in the world? 1] (Amanda Kloer, March 15th 2011) Do you know human trafficking is slavery and happening everywhere, including where you live. It’s happening to many normal people like you. Most products that you buy from the supermarket like food, clothes, and shoes are made by people who were trafficked to factories.Will human trafficking stop if we legalize it? Human trafficking has become a global problem, as it happens everywhere to allRead MoreHuman Trafficking : A Dangerous Crime1634 Words   |  7 PagesHuman trafficking is the quickest increasing criminal industry currently in society and is a dark human behavior that has been going on since the beginning of history. The trafficking of human beings for forced slave labor and sexual exploitation is a horrendous crime that takes advantage of one throughout the illegal trading and forced labor of all types of people People trafficking forces millions of people going against their will and having to take part in prostitution, beg and complete hardRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Dangerous Crime1616 Words   |  7 Pagesof our world’s problems go unnoticed. A problem that seems to go unnoticed that is a worldwide epidemic is human trafficking. Have you heard about human trafficking? Human trafficking is the illegal movement of people, typically for the purposes of forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation. Human trafficking is a horrible crime that more people need to be aware about. Human trafficking can be described as being a very secretive industry. No one knows what is going on behind the scenes. PeopleRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Crime And An Abuse Of Human Rights1884 Words   |  8 Pagesthat remains prevalent in our country. Despite the freedoms we are granted as a citizen of the United States, human trafficking is a massive issue that is often overlooked. The United States is ranked among the top five countries where human slaves are sold and exploited for labor or sexual purposes (Mizus, Moody, Privado, Douglas, 2003). Human trafficking is a crime and an abuse of human rights that affects men and women, adults and children, U.S. citizens and foreign nationals from all around theRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Crime Against Humanity2357 Words   |  10 Pages a man suddenly came in and started taking off my clothes. I was so scared, I did n’t understand what was happening† (Halima, 17). Halima was brought into the world of sex trafficking as a child and now lives in a brothel in central Jessore, the last town before the border into India from Bangladesh. Human trafficking is a crime against humanity and although all forms of slavery were completely abolished in 1981, for the last 35 years   on average 800,000 to 4 million people are exploited annually

Reflection Paper On Educational Psychology - 2629 Words

Erna Ananna Professor Gefen CEDF 710, Educational Psychology Date: 17th December, 2014 Fieldwork Reflection I. Introduction: Few weeks ago, I had an opportunity to observe a fifth grade inclusive classroom in P.S. 146, Anna M. Short School which is located in the Upper East Side of Manhattan. They had a total of 32 students where 16 of them are boys and 16 of them are girls. The class has collaborative teaching system. One of the class teachers is specialized on Special Education. They have total 18 IEP students including one physically disabled student. Most of the students are either Hispanic or Black. There is only one Asian and one white student. They also have an assistant teacher who is always involved with the students who needs extra help. What attracted my eyes right after I entered the classroom is the decorations of the classroom. The walls are mostly decorated with educational contents, such as, Vocabulary chart, Number line chart, Literacy chart of student responses etc. In one side of the room, the small portion of the wall has charts related to student participation, student employers and fe w more useful things. The desks are arranged into 6 groups. They are named as, John Jay, City College, Hunter College, NYU, Columbia University and St. Johns. The class gives a caring environment feelings right after you enter to the class. The teachers and the assistant really did a good job to give their students a home like feelings. In the back of the class, they haveShow MoreRelatedStudent-Teacher Relationships in Teacher Program Education s629 Words   |  3 Pagesthinking over particular Student Teachers’ performance (Clarke, 2001) eliciting, as a consequence, tacit knowledge that is only in the expert teacher’ mind. These genuine interactions between an expert teacher and a student teacher triggers critical reflection processes on teaching experiences and invites to further think of what can be done in similar future situations. In this chapter our objective is twofold: On one hand we aim at (1) stressing the relevance of seizing the practical knowledge thatRead MoreComparison Of Grand Theorists According To Types Identified By Meleis915 Words   |  4 Pages Nurses over the years have studied diligently various papers especially different theories that would affect and dictate how they will manage their clients. In order for one to be more familiar with these theories, I will compare 4 grand theorists as to types identified by Afaf Ibrahim Meleis. Dr. Meleis is a professor of Nursing and Sociology at the University of Pennsylvania and has published numerous scholarly papers and books that dealt with nursing theories. She has established fourRead MoreCritical Reflection On The Educational Philosophy752 Words   |  4 Pagesof what we teach and why is of paramount importance. Critical reflection on the relevance of educational philosophers, both past and present, is essential to understanding curriculum choices. With regard to these statements, I wish to apply to this program as a result of a strong professional and personal interest in philosophers of education. More specifically, gaining a deeper understanding of behavioral and funct ional psychology in education can enhance my current work in many ways. The theoriesRead MoreJerome Seymour Bruner Essay1350 Words   |  6 PagesSeymour Bruner is an American psychologist who made signification contributions to educational, cognitive and developmental psychology. This paper will focus on who Bruner is, his main theories explained, plus a comparison between Bruner and Piaget and the effectiveness of Bruners theories in the classroom. Bruner was born and raised in New York City, Bruner graduated high school in 1933 and went on to major in psychology at Duke University; earning an AB degree in 1937. Subsequently, Bruner pursuedRead MoreMargaret Floy Washburn : Introduction Of Psychology1451 Words   |  6 PagesNoel Umbricht – Introduction to Psychology Margaret Floy Washburn, PhD Margaret Floy Washburn was born on July 25, 1871 in New York City to parents Reverend Francis and Elizabeth Floy Washburn. She was born in a time when women were not allowed to display any type of power, higher reasoning, or desire for higher education. At the age of seven, she began her educational journey in the home of a retired Presbyterian minister who lived next door to her family. In 1886, she graduated from high schoolRead MoreMotivation Among Boys And Girls Reading Achievement Essay1618 Words   |  7 Pagesboth genders equally Motivation Among Boys’ and Girls’ Reading Achievement Educators will experience students with varying reading abilities and motivation levels. This review will provide educators with information that promotes self-reflection on their perceptions of students’ reading abilities and the affects on students. Strategies will be addressed that assures each student has the opportunity to be an effective reader. Classrooms that promote community, provide autonomy, and allowRead MoreHow Personality Testing Is Used On A Daily Basis822 Words   |  4 Pageson a daily basis in all areas of psychology. These tests evaluate and measure traits, values, attitudes, personal identity, and many more aspects of an individual’s personality (Cohen, Swerdlik, Sturman, 2013). Such assessments as the Thematic Apperception Test, Neuroticism, Extroversion, and Openness inventory and the Psychopathic Personality Inventory are instruments, which assist the psychologist in assessing an individual’s personality. The following paper will discu ss each of these testsRead MoreThe Recruitment Process from an Organizational and Applicant Perspective1588 Words   |  7 PagesApplying Organizational Psychology Joy Peoples PSYCH/570/Organizational Psychology June 11, 2012 Introduction The focus of this paper provides a brief examination of the recruiting process from both an organizational, and applicants perspective. This brief overview attempts to explain how organizations use various methods to recruit prospective employees. This paper also explains the methods prospective employees, or applicants use to determine the quality and appropriateness ofRead MoreReflection On Personal Reflection1307 Words   |  6 PagesPERSONAL REFLECTION 2 PERSONAL NARRATIVE This assignment seems to be the most difficult to write because it will encompass a wealth of information. The most important part of this assignment is the opportunity to reflect on the course assignments and the impact this foundational base will have for future classes. Every event in life has to start somewhere and this start sets the stage forRead MoreIs Education An Agent Of Socialization? Essay1607 Words   |  7 Pagescompare the ultimate purpose and meaning of educational success in regards to both societal standards and religious belief, this research can serve as a step towards improving the issue of adolescent stress in the modern American academia. Sources Socialist Alfie Kohn lectures at education conferences and universities from a critical approach on education by applying social science research such as human behavior. In his article against raising educational standards, Kohn demonstrates the psychological

World Religions and Places of Worship Free Essays

Religious expression The statement of â€Å" Money should be spent helping people, not decorating a place of worship† is a very controversial one. It could either be true or false, depending on the place, time and size of the church. It is completely true that the money used for decorating a place of worship such as a church or a mosque could be better-spent helping people as mentioned in the previous statement. We will write a custom essay sample on World Religions and Places of Worship or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, I agree and disagree with this statement to certain extents. I agree because, taking Christianity and churches as an example, it is taught in the bible that modesty is an important aspect of life that must be met. However, many churches seem to do the exact opposite. Decorating their walls with paintings, using stained glass windows and placing gold crosses within the church. Other religions such as Islam also spend a lot of money on the interior and exterior decoration of mosques. Filling them with golden calligraphy and a number of minarets that are all expensively done. This money could have been used to help the less fortunate and other people who are in need of financial aid. I disagree due to the following reasons; firstly with places of worship being fancily decorated, expensively or not, it increases the amount of respect people have to that place. It also shows respect to, in some religions, god or the person of worship for that religion. Taking the Notre Dame as an example, the amount of money it brings to the tourism of France is extremely high. People visit it for pilgrimage, examining its intricate architecture and design and even to repent. The extra money this church brings in could help the less fortunate in many ways. Thus proving the previous statement controversial. Secondly, the aim of showing god the sacrifices and financial efforts that were made to his satisfaction and in satisfaction of his worshipers. This reduces the effect that the statement has on the decoration of places of worship. In conclusion, I both agree and disagree with the statement of â€Å" money should be spent helping people, not decorating a place of worship†. Due to the numerous reasons and examples above and taking into consideration the main point of money that could have been spent helping people, spent on decorating a church that would positively impact the economy of a country and then helping people. The statement could work both ways, and if the place of worship was properly decorated, attracting enough people to it, it can gain enough money to help people in need of help and improving their lives from all aspects is possible. How to cite World Religions and Places of Worship, Papers

Policy, Team, and Information Technology Differences

Research carried out shows that internet use contributes greatly to the success of an organization. It connects employees hence enhancing the success of an organization, for instance, survey carried on the department of labor showed that use of internet contributed 65% of the annual hires. However, with availability of the internet, majority of the employees alongside with numerous contractors need appropriate controls over the use of the internet to prevent cases of improper use of the internet in the department or an organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Policy, Team, and Information Technology Differences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Internet guidelines The internet use guidelines at the departmental level need to have some similarity with the guidelines used at the organizational level. This is because; departments as well as organizations have one goal in common, success. Therefore, application o f organizational guidelines in the running of a department will enhance its success, this is because many organizations’ success is entitled to the following of their set guidelines. Employee’s responsibility However, it is the responsibility of the employees and other staff members within the department to ensure that they have followed the internet guidelines to the latter. This is because; they are the ones who get access to the daily occurrences within the department that dictate for accuracy and validity. In addition to employees and the staff members contributing to the success of the department, their right decisions enhance accuracy of the exchanges that take place within the department. On the other hand, failure of the employees and the staff members in complying with the set guidelines may lead to regrettable disciplinary action. Factors to consider when forecasting the value of a new-networked system In order for an effective implementation of a networking system in a department to be accomplished within a two-year budget, four key factors have to be given priority, and they include having careful planning, effectual configuration of the network, regular maintenance of computers, and installing impenetrable security. In carrying out careful planning, a competitive individual will ensure that all requirements for networking are available and in effective conditions to enhance the success of departmental networking. (McLaughlin, 2008). It is also essential for an individual to employ effective configuration when linking computers to avoid communication problems among computers, this because incorrect configuration of the routers and hubs in connecting the computers cause communication problems.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Regular maintenance of the networking system is also appropriate in order to have the computers run effe ctively and for long. Implementation of maintenance tools, for instance antivirus and back up apparatus, aid keep the computers in good condition. In addition, carrying regular maintenance on the computers aid in solving the issue of loses of money on networking failures. Importance of networking installation Computers running under networking are prone to a variety of attacks. The attacks may invade the computers in the form of worms or viruses and spread to all computers through the network connecting the computers. Occasionally, the attacks lead to loss of data and time spent in preparing the computers. Therefore, it is essential to install security measures to help keep the computers free from attacks. However, the cost of installing the networking system varies greatly as per the materials used in the installation; it may be higher than the value of the networking process. For instance, the cost of hardware, software and other telecommunication tools is very high, and this cont ributes to the increase of the cost of the installation of the networking system. In addition, continuous business management consultations also digs dip in the capital required for networking installation. (Laudon, K. C., Laudon, J. P. 2008). Despite the high cost that may be incurred in installing internet system, it is essential to have it installed in an organization or a department. This is because apart from the networking system aiding in keeping all employees in touch via internet communication, it also aid in keeping track of the business transactions in the daily running of a department. Department networking also plays a crucial role of updating employees on the current business expectations. Supervision from the management office via the installed networking system also plays a crucial role in enhancing the success of an organization. (Carr, John Piot, 2007). Networking trends at the departmental level and organizational level An organization is made up of many departm ents working together with common goals. Therefore, effective networking of the departments plays crucial roles in effecting the interaction of employees from different departments hence enhancing the success of an organization. For example, for effective management of an organization to take place all employees in departments within an organization have to have access to online chats to create market of organization products. Tracking of the daily transactions within departments by computer networking also aids in the running of an organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Policy, Team, and Information Technology Differences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Managers in both departmental and organizational level apart from relaying on the networking system in making quick and amicable decisions; they also use it in managing the daily movements of employees by decentralizing leadership. However, networking at departmental level may lead to the organizational conflicts; this may be due negative views among some employees on the tracking and supervision imposed on the departments via networking. The cropped conflicts may result to some staff members introducing some attacks to the networking system hence affecting with the normal running of an organization. Information system Information systems are links of components that process the collected data into products that enhance communication in an organization. Examples of information system services include local area network that links a diversity of computers in a given area through a networking system to enhance effective communication. Information system is so essential in the current technological world; this is because it enhances competitiveness among employees hence enabling organizations overcome competition. (Laudon, K. C., Laudon, J. P. 2008). Information system also plays a crucial role in uplifting the daily revenue of an or ganization through the internet researches carried. In addition, the current management of many organizations relay on the information systems in making amicable decisions concerning the running of an organization. Currently advertisements made through the internet also contribute greatly to the success of many organizations. However, the main objectives of information systems in organizations are operational fineness, production of new products and offering of best services, customer and supplier understanding, advanced decision making, having a competitive advantage, and survival of an organization. (McNurlin et al, 2008). Military health care system Military health care is an organization that provides health care to the retired army together with their dependants in the United State. It is made up of five entities namely, TRICARE Management Activity, Medical elements of the army, Health issues, Navy, and the Air force that team to enhance its success. (Glaser Wager, 2009).Adver tising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The key objective of the military health care system is to keep the health of the military personnel in good condition for them to carry out military roles in the state. Military health care system also provides medical assistance to the military forces during wartimes. For military health care system department to meet its policy of maintaining the health of military officers in good condition, it enrolls its entities into offices that team up to carry out military health functions. Office of defense controlling health issues oversees medical missions recommended for the department of defense. It does this by having interconnection communication within the department. Apart from HA subjecting strategies, processes, and customaries for TRICARE, playing a crucial role in developing MHS schemes to advance the eminence of healthcare crosswise the department of defense, it also carries the role of preparing department of defense healthcare budget. TRICARE Management is an office under m ilitary healthcare system that uses both military health care system and the civilian network in providing services to retired militaries and their relatives. Unlike HA, TRICARE Management certain the implementation of the DoD healthcare strategy have been carried out effectively, constantly, and proficiently across the MHS. In addition, TRICARE Management oversees the success of its programs. On the other hand, both HA and TRICARE Management work together to implement and control healthcare strategies and agendas within the department of defense. The office of medical elements of the services contributes to the success of the MHS by deploying persons, training and equipping them with enough knowledge to take control of the treatment facilities. Just as HA, the medical element office also maintains the medical workforce of the federal civilians through the implementation of the medical treatment facilities in its daily roles. In addition to enrollment and withholding, the medical se rvices endow individuals with education, headship trainings, and other educative programs to prop up MHS needs. (Glaser Wager, 2009). The office of the Air Force just as that of Medical services handles and authorizes medication of the military officers and their relatives in the field of military. They ensure this by not only making tracks on the medication process and services offered to the military officers, but also measuring the competence of the individuals offering the medication. On the other hand, enterprise information system that incorporates internet technology to the world of business to enhance the marketing movement has the role of providing leadership in information technology by supporting the goals of the organization. Apart from inputting much effort towards meeting the demands of customers and suppliers by providing appropriate services, enterprise information system also provides a diversity of information technology services for the departments that make an o rganization. In addition, enterprise information system ensures that information technology concepts fully sustain business processes. (Supplemental Resource American Psychological Association, 2010). However, unlike departmental information system made up of a team of offices within a single corporation, enterprise information system is made up multiple organizations comprising of suppliers, controllers and partners who team to make global organizations look like one entity through having holistic view. Suppliers in enterprise information system have the role of supplying goods and services to a diversity of organizations that make the enterprise. In a military health care, the suppliers carry the role of supplying medicinal and pharmaceutical products to a variety of military organizations to enhance the goal of military health care. On the other side, regulators in an enterprise information system take control of the daily movements of business within the organizations making up an enterprise. Partners play critical roles towards a given enterprise information system. These individuals contribute greatly to an enterprise by not only investing in them, but also participating in advising on the appropriate ways of governance. Enterprise information system being made of multiple organizations, its main goal in a health care organization is to involve a diversity of individuals regardless of military post via use of the networking system. In addition, unlike departmental information system, enterprise information-system services are provided by a variety of partners. Information technology Information technology is the incorporation of computers and software to manage information in a given organization. In organizations and departments, information technology is used to store information, protect information, process the information, transmit information in the right way, and retrieve information in the recommended way. (Luftman, 2004). There are differences b etween departmental information technology and enterprise information technology, for instance, departmental information technology carries all its roles by itself without incorporating other departments and organizations like enterprise information system. The input and output of data in departmental information is also so parochial compared to enterprise information system that is holistic in all its activities. In sum, the departmental information technology is rooted only to one organization making it optimized to only simple tasks. On the other hand, enterprise information technology, unlike departmental information technology deals with several orders of enormity making it more complex than departmental information technology. Enterprise information technology also manages the needs of diversity of users and functions in a systematic way that satisfies all individuals involved. Enterprise information technology coordinates many objectives, business deals and data sources withi n a given time in order to meet its goals. (McKeen Smith, 2009). Despite the many differences between the departmental and enterprise information technology within an organization, some measures if imposed may contribute to the reduction of the gap between the two. For instance, solving of the departmental and enterprise policy issue dictates for the use of department communication networks effectively. Through communications among employees from different departments and organizations, a lot will be gained in terms of innovation and advancement in the rate and magnitude of the services offered by employees. (Schiesser, 2010). In addition, the networking system also aids in interconnecting a variety of brains leading to the advancement of the policies set by a department. Therefore, it is essential for the department employees to link themselves with a diversity of other employees through the use of the departmental networking system and exchange ideas. In addition, employees need to explore what other departments do in order to enhance the success of an organization. (Filipe Cordeiro, 2011). In conclusion, success of many organizations has been linked to the appropriate use of technology. This is due to continuous change of the technological world that dictates for inclusion of technological materials in order to fit in the business competition. In addition, use of information technology has played a crucial role in enhancing amicable management of organizations in simple ways. Employees also gain a lot from the networking system hence enhancing their competitiveness within an organization. However, departmental information technology has to be advanced from relaying on simple activities to a diversity of functions in order to enhance the success of organizations. References Carr, N., John, B. Piot, J. (2007). The Executive’s Guide to Information Technology. New York: John Wiley Sons. Filipe, J. Cordeiro, J. (2011). Enterprise Information Systems: 12th International Conference, ICEIS 2010, Funchal-Madeira, Portugal, June 8-12, 2010, Revised Selected Papers. New York. Springer. Glaser, J., Lee, F Wager, K. (2009). Health Care Information Systems: A Practical Approach for Health Care Management. New York: John Wiley Sons. Laudon, K. C., Laudon, J. P. (2008). Management information systems: Managing the digital firm (11th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall Luftman, J. N. (2004). Managing the information technology resource: Leadership in the information age. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. McKeen, J. D., Smith, H. (2009). IT strategy in action. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. McLaughlin, C. (2008). Networking Practitioner Research. New York: Taylor Francis. McNurlin, B. C., Sprague, R. H., Jr., Bui, T. (2008). Information systems management in practice (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Schiesser, R. (2010). IT systems management (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Supplemental Resource American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC This essay on Policy, Team, and Information Technology Differences was written and submitted by user Kyra T. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Customer Service as a Part of Business Strategy

Customer Service as a Part of Business Strategy Literature Review Customer service is an essential part of business strategy (Sahaf 2008). Any company that ignores the quality of services that it gives to its customers commits a strategic blunder. This literature review explores the conceptual issues that govern the provision of excellent customer service. The review has four sections. The first section deals with the definition of customer service.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Customer Service as a Part of Business Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The use of the term â€Å"customer service† requires delineation to ensure that there is not confusion with other aspects of customer care in the business. It is also imperative to develop a working definition of the term for this project. The second part of the review covers service quality in general and online service quality. The expected outcome of this project will be the development of a websit e that can improve customer service for Igno Merchandise Company. In this regard, the standards for online service quality in the company must satisfy user expectations. The last three areas of interest include a review of the online tools available for online customer service applications, web design principles for customer service websites, and the risks posed by online customer service. Definition of Customer Service The term â€Å"customer service† does not have a universal definition despite the widespread use by both entrepreneurs and scholars. This is hardly surprising because of the multiplicity of viewpoints relating to the subject. Wagenheim and Reurink (1991) defined customer service as a management strategy that focused on meeting customer expectations. This definition relied on the idea that every organisation would do whatever it took to satisfy its customers in order to attain its goals efficiently and effectively. However, it was very broad since it covered al l activities undertaken by a business. For instance, RD departments exist to produce products that satisfy customer expectations. Does this mean that RD activities form part of customer service? This definition fits better where there is contact with customers. In this case, it is useful as a means of setting customer service objectives.  Armistead (1989) developed a more elaborate definition of customer service that had six dimensions grouped into two. The first group constituted the â€Å"firm† dimensions, which included, â€Å"the framework of time, fault-freeness, and flexibility† (Armistead 1989, p. 249). The framework of time referred to the duration, availability, and speed of customer service. In other words, good customer service should be available on demand, for the required duration, and should be offered as quickly as possible. The framework of fault-freeness sought to capture the need to have services that were error free (Armistead 1989). The range of issues captured in this dimension included the information, processes, and products that constituted customer service in an organisation.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More All organisations need to take utmost care to ensure that the services developed for the benefit of their clients are error free. The framework of flexibility sought to address the need for a company to remain adaptable to new situations (Armistead 1989). For instance, a company should have the ability to customise customer services in order to ensure that the solutions provided to each client resolve their specific concerns. This framework also addressed the need for the company to keep on improving customer services. Continuous improvement is a well-known concept in lean production (Creswell 2008).  The second group of frameworks developed by Armistead (1989) was the soft dimensions. These dime nsions were more difficult to control and measure. The three frameworks were â€Å"style, steering, and safety† (Armistead 1989, p. 249). Style referred to the elements of organisational culture in customer service, and the mode of presentation of services. This dimension has two implications. First, it means that the style in which an organisation offers customer services is a product of its organisational culture (Wei Lu 2012). If an organisation esteems punctuality in all its activities, then customer service from the organisation should demonstrate punctuality without any further need for enforcement. The second implication of this framework is that every organisation needs to think about how it offers services to its customers. This includes the attitudes of the customer care staff towards customers, the ambience, and the ease of access to its premises (Ardichvili, Cardozo Ray 2003). In other words, organisations need to think about customer experience in their custome r service initiatives (Cardoso 2009). The second framework in Armistead’s second category was â€Å"steering† (Armistead 1989, p. 249). Steering was the word chosen to represent the sense of control a customer needed to feel when accessing services in an organisation. It also meant that the customer needed clarity about the procedures and processes needed to access services in the company. The third framework was safety. Safety in customer service refers to the level of physical and psychological comfort that a customer feels when dealing with a company (Yang, Jun Peterson 2004). The specific issues outlined in this framework included observing confidentiality and maintaining trust. It also involves assuring customers of their physical safety whenever they interact with the organisation. The definition of customer service offered by Lucas, Bush and Gresham (1996) viewed customer service as the impact of salespeople, business atmosphere, and quality of services on the customers. This definition had a wide area of overlap with Armistead’s definition in regards to the essential components of customer service. The two definitions agreed that customer service was not a single aspect in the activities of the organisation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Customer Service as a Part of Business Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The authors viewed customer service as an organisational process, rather than a specific activity.  Donaldson (1986) used a different approach to define customer service by proposing that customer service was the fifth element that organisations needed to add to the four Ps of marketing. This view sought to make customer service one of the fundamentals of good business practices necessary for running a successful enterprise. This literature review shows that the definition of customer service depends on the overall organisational philosophy of a c ompany. The important issue in regards to the definition of customer care is not the accuracy of the term. An organisation should ascribe a meaning to it based on its overall organisational philosophy. The common thread in the definitions reviewed is that a company needs to organise itself in such a way that it can offer the services its customers require as effectively as possible. Service Quality and Online Service Quality Service is intangible, is consumed simultaneously, and cannot be displayed in stock. The process of customer care consists of several mediating activities between the customer and the company (Agyapong Kobina 2012). One of the major challenges that organisations are facing today is an increase in customer expectations in regards to quality of service (Ekankumo, Kemebaradikumo Braye 2011). In a study on customer service, 96% of the respondents said that they buy services from companies that have high quality customer services, regardless of pricing (Ekankumo, K emebaradikumo Braye 2011). Many businesses are finding it extremely difficult to manage competition arising from differences in service quality. This shows that service quality can determine the competitive advantage of a business in a given industry (Wagenheim Reurink 1991). In a study, GSM subscribers in Lagos State stated that they were more likely to choose a service provider based on the quality of services offered without regard to the pricing of the service (Adeleke Aminu 2012). Service quality is very important to service-oriented organisations. Companies that produce services such as banks or telecommunications companies view their services as the products of the company. In these cases, poor services are equivalent to poor products. In product-oriented organisations, customer service is offered to support the consumer when using the product after buying it from the company (Ekankumo, Kemebaradikumo Braye 2011). For instance, an automaker may operate customer service ou tlets that provide services to the owners of vehicles bought from the company. A study by Yang, Jun and Peterson (2004) concluded that the six main aspects of service quality in the internet are reliability, responsiveness, competence, ease of use, security, and product portfolio. These six elements can guide the assessment and development of an online customer service strategy.  Online service quality is the specialised case of services offered through the internet (Cruz Mendelsohn 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Companies that offer their services through the internet use facilities such as emails, electronic newsletters, or chat to help solve customer problems (Curasi, Hogg Maclaran 2001). It is also possible to offer voice based customer service using Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) which is accessible through services such as Skype. In the case of companies that sell products through the internet, customer service covers all the activities that the sale process constitutes. This distinction also applies to companies that sell services that are delivered online on subscription basis, such as subscription websites.  From the literature reviewed, it is clear that for this project to be successful, the quality of services offered must be acceptable to the customer. A decision must be made on whether the services will cover customer support and education, or whether the services will be intended for marketing only. A decision is also needed in regards to whether the services will be fr ee. Tools for Online Customer Service The internet has made it possible for organisations to deploy several tools to serve customers online. No issue arises when a company uses these tools to drive sales or to manage existing customers. One of the most interesting aspects of online customer service is the ability to prepare materials that can help to resolve customer complaints without the need for human intervention (Dalal 2007). Many organisations have a â€Å"Frequently Asked Questions† (FAQ) page on their website as the first line of customer care. This page usually carries information that many customers seek frequently. The FAQ page can be very helpful to customers who are trying to know how to use a product (Cardoso 2009). Text based customer support systems include the use of chat and email (Dalal 2007). Chat allows for instantaneous response to customer queries. Chat is ideal for use in situations where a customer needs instructions to operate the product. Chat is al so ideal for dealing with queries from customers because the responses given to such customers can help to speed up the buying decision. Emails also play an important role in customer support especially in cases where it is necessary to give many details (Donaldson 1986). Emails work in cases where the clients are patient to wait for a response. The use of emails can lead to a reduction in service quality if the response time is poor. In some cases, companies use email as a means of providing training for potential clients. In these cases, the company can set up automatic responders that send targeted emails to their clients. This method enables companies to build their brands by increasing the amount of contact they have with customers. At the same time, it is a very good way of passing on large volumes of information in small doses. Some companies operate call centers as part of their online customer service portfolio (Davila, Marc Robert 2007). A new way of providing customer su pport is by use of videos. Many organisations today have uploaded videos that customers can watch to learn how to use their products. By their nature, videos are static and can only resolve well-known problems. Once a company finds out that there is a widespread problem affecting their customers, the company can develop a presentation to be uploaded as a video so that all customers can watch it to find answers to their concerns. Videos are effective for introducing the product to the consumers, and for giving instructions on how to operate the product. Leading video sites in the world include YouTube and Vimeo, which are free services.  Another tool for customer service especially in companies that sell products online is the presence of an online shopping cart (Ardichvili, Cardozo Ray 2003). Shopping carts are indispensible if a company wants to sell products online, and to make the transactions as convenient as possible for its customers. An interesting method of online custome r service is the use of online forums composed of clients of the company. Companies such as Microsoft and Google have facilitated the growth of online communities that depend on their products. These communities allow customers of these companies to discuss among themselves the issues that arise when they use the products of the company. The advantage of this approach is that customers raise the problems and the solutions provided are communicated in ways that customers understand. In addition, the company incurs minimal costs because the content comes from the customers themselves. In conclusion, there is a wide choice of avenues for providing online customer support that includes a FAQ page on the company’s website, chat, email, Skype, or video. Web-design Principles for Customer Service Websites The Igno merchandise company operates within Nigeria. Therefore, there is a need to explore some of the web design principles that can inform the final website developed for custom er service. Several aspects should inform the design of a website meant to provide services to customers. The most prominent design issue is the choice of a domain name (Cruz Mendelsohn 2010). The domain name of a website plays an important role in generating traffic for a website. Websites that have domain names that are easy to remember receive more traffic than those with difficult domain names. Good domain names can help companies that are online to increase the recognition of their brand. The choice of a domain name is therefore a matter that requires careful thought because of the strategic implications it will have on the traffic to the website. Access to the internet in Nigeria is mainly via mobile handsets (Agyapong Kobina 2012). The number of Nigerians who have mobile handsets that can access the internet is on the increase. This means that the company needs to ensure that the website developed for customer service is mobile friendly. In this sense, the companies need to develop mobile friendly websites. In many cases, it is usually necessary to develop two websites, one meant for mobile phones, and the other meant for general traffic. This makes it necessary to develop a system of integrating service on both websites in order to ensure that customers have seamless surfing experiences whenever they switch from the mobile version of the website to the general website. The factors that contribute to user satisfaction with a website include ease of navigation, quick loading of pages, pleasant design qualities, and consistent display across various browsers (Yazdanifard, Edres Seyedi 2011). The importance of ease of navigation increases with the use of mobile phones to access the internet. However, even websites meant for use by PCs should have a logically developed menu that allows customers to find any information that they need as quickly and as easily as possible. This situation is more serious when it comes to mobile web because the screens of mo bile phones have a very small viewing are compared to computers. At the same time, the navigations tools available to users are not as versatile as those found on computers. In this sense, poorly designed sites can erode the quality of user experience when it comes to mobile web access. The speed of loading of a website is a critical aspect in Nigeria because internet speeds are relatively low (Agyapong Kobina 2012). The design of the website needs to have features that allow for quick loading under low speeds. Many customers leave websites that are slow. Customers expect that the mobile version of websites should load as quickly as the PC version of the same website. The final issue that requires consideration in web design is display of the site across different browsers. Internet browsers can display a website differently leading to different user experiences. Therefore, the developers of the customer service website will need to check how the site appears on different. The most common browsers used by many people include Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, and Opera. Risks Associated with Electronic Customer Service Several risks arise when a company chooses to use the internet for customer service applications. Exposure to these risks affects both companies that offer services using the internet and their clients. The main client side risk associated with ecommerce is privacy. A study in the US showed that up to 63% of customers hesitate to give their details to websites because of the privacy and security concerns (Yazdanifard, Edres Seyedi 2011). While most of the information that people put on online has always been publicly available, it has not been easily accessible without the internet (Wei Lu 2012). Furthermore, it is possible to do more damage with it because of the capabilities of the internet. Cases of identity theft are on the rise because it is possible to construct a person’s personal profile based on information ava ilable online. For instance, someone can call company and request for services based on information found in social media websites.  Another contributor to the online risks is that there are few legal guarantees that can redress online crimes (Yazdanifard, Edres Seyedi 2011). Nigeria holds a bad reputation in regards to internet fraud committed against citizens in other countries of the world. It is usually impossible to track down the perpetrators or to hold them accountable if they are not living in the same jurisdiction. This makes criminals and fraudsters confident that they can get away with internet crimes.  The third client side risk associated with online customer care is that at times, it is impossible to prove making contact with the company if the client uses chat. In cases where the client makes a voice call, there may be no record of the details of the conversation. This makes it difficult for customer to keep track of the progress of the process of addressing conc erns communicated with a company.  Organisations that provide online services face reputational risks. Source of reputational risk are varied. It can arise from hacking, where hackers deface the website (Cardoso 2009). While customers can forgive the company of its website falls into the hands of hackers, it reduces the confidence the clients have in the company in regards to its ability to keep their information safe. Reputational risks can also arise from online fraudsters that claim to work for the company, but whose real intention is to defraud unsuspecting clients (Curasi, Hogg Maclaran 2001). A client may not have a foolproof way of telling whether someone is a genuine employee of the company especially if that person seems to have access to privileged information. If the fraudster is successful, the company loses the confidence of the client. Reputational risk may also arise from poor services, such as delayed responses to client queries posted online. This risk increases because of the increased accessibility of a website to a global audience, compared to the limited number of walk-in clients for a company without online presence. In this case, the company’s customer service unit may be overwhelmed by demand for explanations. This can arise if there is a widespread problem, or if the company is implementing changes that affect its relations with its customers. Conclusion The main issues that arise from the literature review above are as follows. First, it is almost impossible to arrive at a universal definition of customer service because of differences in the philosophical approaches to the issue. In this regard, there is a need to arrive at a definition that will meet the purposes of this project. Armistead’s definition provides a very useful framework for the development of the required definition. The second issue arising from the literature review is that online customer service requires the same dedication to quality found in oth er aspects of customer service. Internet is a tool available for use in providing services to customers and it should be used wisely.  Thirdly, the main tools available for use in online customer service include the use of FAQ pages, Chat, Voice calls, Online shopping carts, and Online forums. All these services can be offered through a company’s website. There is need to consider how each of these tools can be used by the Igno company to meet is its online customer service objectives.  Finally, the company will need to make use of good web design principles to design its customer service website. Reference List Adeleke, A Aminu, SA 2012, The Determinants of Customer Loyalty in Nigeria’s GSM Market, International Journal of Business and Social Science, vol 3, no. 14, pp. 209-223. Agyapong, A Kobina, F 2012, Service Quality and Customer Choice of Mobile Telecommunication Service Providers in Ghana., International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, vol 100, no. 1, pp. 141-155. Ardichvili, A, Cardozo, R Ray, S 2003, A Theory of Entrepreneurial Opportunity Identification and Development, Journal of Business Venturing, vol 18, pp. 105-123. Armistead, CG 1989, Customer Service and Operations Management in Service Businesses, The Service Industries Journal, vol 9, no. 2, pp. 247-260. Cardoso, G 2009, From Mass Communication to Networked Communication: Thoughts 2.0, Lisbon Internet and Networks, Lisbon. Creswell, J 2008, Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, 3rd edn, Sage, London. Cruz, B Mendelsohn, J 2010, Why Social Media Matters to your business, Chadwick, New York. Curasi, CF, Hogg, M Maclaran, B 2001, The Impact of the Net: Strategies for Consumer Behavior Research Design in the 21st Century’, Advances in Consumer Research, vol 28, no. 1, p. 205. Dalal, S 2007, Creativity And Innovation Driving Business, Creativity Innovation Books, Mumbai. Davila, T, Marc, EJ Robert, SD 2007, The Creativ e Enterprise: Culture, Greenwood Publishing Group, Boston, MA. Donaldson, B 1986, Customer Service: The Missing Dimension in Marketing Management, Journal of Marketing, vol 2, no. 1, pp. 133-144. Ekankumo, B, Kemebaradikumo, N Braye, K 2011, Customer Service Strategies of Retail Organisations in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria, Asian Journal of Business Management, vol 3, no. 3, pp. 219-230. Sahaf, MA 2008, Strategic Marketing: Making Decisions For Strategic Advantage, PHI Learning Pvt Ltd, New Delhi. Wagenheim, G Reurink, J 1991, Customer service in public admistration. , vol. 51 no. 3, p. 263, Public Admistration Review, vol 51, no. 3, pp. 263-270. Wei, P Lu, H 2012, An Examination of the Celebrity Endorsements and Online Customer Reviews Influence Female Consumers Shopping Behavior, Computers in Human Behavior, , vol 29, no. 1, pp. 193-201. Yang, Z, Jun, M Peterson, RT 2004, Measuring Customer Perceived Online Service Quality Scale Development and Managerial Implications, Int ernational Journal of Operations Production Management, vol 22, no. 11, pp. 1149-1174. Yazdanifard, R, Edres, NA-H Seyedi, AP 2011, Singapore Security and Privacy Issues as a Potential Risk for Further Ecommerce Development, International Conference on Information Communication and Management, IACSIT Press, Singapore.

Reading Comprehension Assessment and Lessons

Reading Comprehension Assessment and Lessons The ability to read is one of the most powerful tools teachers and parents can give students. Literacy is strongly correlated with future economic  and professional success. Illiteracy, on the other hand, exacts a steep price.  The National Center for Education Statistics notes that 43 percent  of adults with the lowest reading levels live in poverty, and according to the National Institute for Literacy, 70  percent of people on welfare have extremely low literacy. Furthermore, 72  percent of children of parents with low literacy will themselves have low literacy, and are more likely  to perform poorly in school and drop out.   Early and elementary education offers  a key opportunity to break this cycle of economic hardship. And while the mechanics of reading and writing are essential building blocks, reading comprehension allows students to move beyond decoding and into understanding and enjoyment. Understanding Reading Comprehension The easiest way to explain reading comprehension is to put a reader in the position of someone who is deciphering letters and words rather than comprehending (attaching meaning to) them. Try reading this: Fà ¦der ureà °u à °e eart on heofenumsi à °in nama gehalgodto-becume à °in ricegeweorà ¾e à °in willa on eorà °an swa swa on heofenum.Urne ge dà ¦ghwamlican hlaf syle us to-deagand forgyf us ure gyltasswa swa we forgifaà ¾ urum gyltendumane ne gelà ¦de à °u us on costnungeac alys us of yfle. Using your knowledge base of phonetic sounds, you might be able to â€Å"read† the text, but you would not understand what you’d just read. You most certainly would not recognize it as The Lord’s Prayer. What about the following sentence? Fox grape grey shoe on land title base. You may know each word and its meaning, but that doesnt give the sentence meaning. Reading comprehension involves three distinct components: processing text (sounding out the syllables to decode the words), understanding what was read, and making connections between the text and what you already know. Vocabulary Knowledge vs. Text Comprehension Vocabulary knowledge and text comprehension are two vital elements of reading comprehension. Vocabulary knowledge refers to understanding individual words. If a reader doesn’t understand the words he is reading, he won’t understand the text as a whole. Because vocabulary knowledge is essential to reading comprehension, children should  be exposed to a rich vocabulary and should always be learning new words. Parents and teachers can help by defining potentially unfamiliar words that students will encounter in texts and teaching students to use contextual clues to understand the meaning of new words. Text comprehension builds on vocabulary knowledge by allowing the reader to combine the meanings of the individual words to understand the overall text. If you’ve ever read a complicated legal document, a challenging book, or the previous example of a nonsensical sentence, you can understand the relationship between vocabulary knowledge and text comprehension. Understanding the meaning of most of the words does not necessarily translate into understanding the text as a whole. Text comprehension relies on the reader making connections with what hes reading. Reading Comprehension Example Most standardized tests include sections that assess reading comprehension. These assessments focus on identifying the main idea of a passage, understanding vocabulary in context, making inferences, and identifying the author’s purpose. A student might read a passage such as the following about dolphins. Dolphins are aquatic mammals (not fish) well-known for their intellect, gregarious nature, and acrobatic abilities. Like other mammals, they are warm-blooded, give birth to live young, feed their babies milk, and breathe air through their lungs. Dolphins have a streamlined body, a pronounced beak, and a blowhole. They swim by moving their tail up and down to propel themselves forward.A female dolphin is called a cow, a male is a bull, and the babies are calves. Dolphins are carnivores that eat marine life such as fish and squid. They have great eyesight and use this along with echolocation to move about in the ocean and locate and identify objects around them.Dolphins communicate with clicks and whistles. They develop their own personal whistle, which is distinct from other dolphins. Mother dolphins whistle to their babies frequently after birth so that the calves learn to recognize their mothers whistle. After reading the passage, students are asked to answer questions based on what they read to demonstrate their understanding of the passage. Young students might be expected to understand from the text that dolphins are mammals that live in the ocean. They eat fish and communicate with clicks and whistles. Older students might be asked to apply information gleaned from the passage to facts they already know. They could be asked to infer the meaning of the term carnivore from the text, identify what dolphins and cattle have in common (being identified as a cow, bull, or calf) or how a dolphin’s whistle is similar to a human fingerprint (each is distinct to the individual). Methods of Assessing Reading Comprehension There are several ways to evaluate a student’s reading comprehension skills. One method is to use a formal assessment, like the example above,  with reading passages followed by questions about the passage. Another method is to use informal assessments. Ask students to tell you about what they read or retell the story or event in their own words. Put students in discussion groups and listen to what they have to say about the book,  watching for areas of confusion and  students who are not participating. Ask students for a written response to the text, such as journaling, identifying their favorite scene, or listing the top 3 to 5 facts they learned from the text. Signs That a Student Is Not Able to Comprehend What Hes Reading One indicator that a student is struggling with reading comprehension is difficulty reading aloud. If a student struggles to recognize or sound out words when he’s reading orally, he’s likely encountering the same struggles when reading silently. Weak vocabulary is another indicator of poor reading comprehension. This is because students who struggle with text comprehension may have difficulting learning and incorporating new vocabulary. Finally, poor spelling and weak writing skills may be a signal that a student isn’t able to comprehend what he’s reading. Difficulty spelling may indicate problems remembering letter sounds, which means that the student is likely also having trouble processing text. How to Teach Effective Reading Comprehension It might seem as though reading comprehension skills develop naturally, but that’s because students gradually begin to internalize the techniques. Effective reading comprehension skills must be taught, but it’s not difficult to do. There are simple strategies to improve reading comprehension that parents and teachers can employ. The most important step is to ask questions before, during, and after reading. Ask students what they think the story is going to be about based on the title or cover. As you’re reading, ask students to summarize what they’ve read so far or predict what they think will happen next. After reading, ask students to summarize the story, identify the main idea, or highlight the most important facts or events. Next, help children make connections between what they’ve read and their experiences. Ask them what they would have done if they had been in the main character’s situation or if they’ve had a similar experience. Consider reading challenging texts aloud. Ideally, students will have their own copy of the book so that they can follow along. Reading aloud models good reading techniques and allows students to hear new vocabulary in context without disrupting the flow of the story. How Students Can Improve Reading Comprehension Skills There are also steps that students can take to improve their reading comprehension skills. The first, most basic step is to improve overall reading skills. Help students select books about topics that interest them and encourage them to  read at least 20 minutes each day. It’s okay if they want to start with books below their reading level. Doing so can help students focus on what they’re reading, rather than on decoding more challenging text, and improve their confidence. Next, encourage students to stop every so often and summarize what they’ve read, either mentally or aloud with a reading buddy. They may want to make notes or use a graphic organizer to  record their thoughts. Remind students to get  an overview of what they’ll be reading by first reading chapter titles and subheadings. Conversely, students can also benefit from skimming over the material after they’ve read it. Students should also take steps to improve their vocabulary. One way to do so without disrupting the flow of reading is to jot down unfamiliar words and look them up after they’ve finished their reading time.

Value and Ethical Position Related to the Case Coursework

Value and Ethical Position Related to the Case - Coursework Example The term, ‘Ethical Dilemma’ refers to a position where a person faces difficulties for conflict between principles and responsibilities. A person is likely to face problem in terms of taking decisions regarding the concerned situation. From the provided case, it has been evaluated that the ACME medical center has faced damages owing to a hurricane. To rescue the local people, a helicopter was sent, which got crashed and exploded in a building leading to fire. The building was the location of a pediatric unit. Margaret, who is the Registered Nurse (RN) of the ACME medical center with five people made their way towards the roof and waited for rescue. In this context, Margaret faces a conflict situation of choosing over her duty and values for the safety of the people trapped in the building. Margaret moves downstairs and helps the people, as she is a nurse and cannot let the people die. The other people, who were with Margaret, stopped her from going downstairs and not to risk her life. Despite this, Margaret comes out from the conflicting situation and goes downstairs to help the needy people (Lo, 2013).

The impact of human growth, development and identity on cognitive Essay

The impact of human growth, development and identity on cognitive impairment - Essay Example The cognitive development is the acquisition of the ability to reason as well as solve problems. In the case of the 32-year old service user, her cognitive development is interfered with due to the environment she lived. She suffered maltreatment during her childhood and adolescent, making her nondependent in taking care of her needs. She suffered from emotional abuse and neglect during her early years of human development. As a result of the maltreatment, the service user now suffers from irritable bowel syndrome, sleep disorder, and depression. Irritable bowel syndrome is as a result of stress and anxiety. There are various theories presented to explain the interruptions in cognitive development. According to Erik Erikson’s theory of human development, youths must revolve around two crises during their adolescence stage. The term crises describe internal conflicts linked to human development. The way a person resolves the crisis will determine their personal identity and future growth pattern (Kivnick & Courtney, 2014). However, development theories have criticized Erikson’s theory. The development process is considered much more fluid and flexible than Erikson thought (Porfeli, et al., 2013). Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development classified the cognitive development stages in four, from birth through adolescence to adulthood. A child who passes the four stages progresses from the simple sensorimotor response to the ability to classify objects and after that engage in hypothetical and deductive reasoning (Beilin & Peter, 2013). The four stages include Sensori-Motor, Preoperational stage, Concrete Operational stage and the Formal operations stage. Feud’s theory of personality argues that structure and conflict in the human mind shape personality. He implicated the structure of the mind i.e. id, ego and superego and the solving of these conflicts among these parts in shaping the human

Flamenco Essay -- essays research papers

Flamenco is an individualistic folk art, a genuine Southern art form, which was mainly originated by Andalusian gypsies. It exists in 3 forms: El cante, song, el baile, dance and guitarrra, guitar playing. Its roots also are with Arabs, Spanish Jews and socially outcasted Christians. The flamenco essence is song, which is usually accompanied by guitar and improvised dance. Complex rhythmic patterns and sophisticated footwork differs from other European dance forms. The word "flamenco" has been questioned on why an Adalucian music form would be represented by a word that meant Flemish or flamingos. Most believe that it was Carlos I who brought with him to Spain from Flanders an entire Flemish court. These Flemish court men, on their spare time, partied with the gypsies. The two were groups were called Flemish which later translated into flamencos and as their dance culture blossomed, the word stuck. The dance music of flamenco is often divided into 3 categories: jondo, chico, or cante. Jondo is a word that means profound or serious. The music of this sort is usually intensely sad having to do with death, anguish or despair and also characterized as the cry of oppressed people for many years. Chico means light and deals with love, gaiety, humor or the countryside. El Cante is the most important which inspires "el toque" guitar playing and 'el baile." An example of a jondo would be a more serious flamenco in which hatred... Flamenco Essay -- essays research papers Flamenco is an individualistic folk art, a genuine Southern art form, which was mainly originated by Andalusian gypsies. It exists in 3 forms: El cante, song, el baile, dance and guitarrra, guitar playing. Its roots also are with Arabs, Spanish Jews and socially outcasted Christians. The flamenco essence is song, which is usually accompanied by guitar and improvised dance. Complex rhythmic patterns and sophisticated footwork differs from other European dance forms. The word "flamenco" has been questioned on why an Adalucian music form would be represented by a word that meant Flemish or flamingos. Most believe that it was Carlos I who brought with him to Spain from Flanders an entire Flemish court. These Flemish court men, on their spare time, partied with the gypsies. The two were groups were called Flemish which later translated into flamencos and as their dance culture blossomed, the word stuck. The dance music of flamenco is often divided into 3 categories: jondo, chico, or cante. Jondo is a word that means profound or serious. The music of this sort is usually intensely sad having to do with death, anguish or despair and also characterized as the cry of oppressed people for many years. Chico means light and deals with love, gaiety, humor or the countryside. El Cante is the most important which inspires "el toque" guitar playing and 'el baile." An example of a jondo would be a more serious flamenco in which hatred...

Intro to Evidence Based Practice Nursing

Research is:Formal, rigorous process to discover new knowledge or validate/refine existing knowledge Gathering of data, information, and facts for the advancement of knowledge Type of systematic activity (set of planned activities)Systematic process of investigation Formalized method(s) of obtaining information (data/knowledge) Nursing research is a systematic inquiry designed to develop new knowledge or validate/refine existing knowledge about issues related to nursing (e.g., provision of patient care; administration of nursing and health care services)Nursing Science: Body of knowledge unique to the discipline of nursingScientific method is an approach to gaining new knowledge from a systematic collection of empirical dataWhat is the importance of research in nursing?Nurses are responsible for assuming an active role in developing the body of nursing knowledge Nurses are expected to adopt an evidence-based practice (EPB) – defined as the use of best clinical evidence in maki ng patient care decisions EBP is EVERY nurse’s responsibility, whether you are a user (consumer) of nursing research by reading research reports to keep up-to-date or a nurse who designs and conducts researchEvidence Based PracticeEBP is a problem solving approach to clinical practice that integrates the conscientious use of best evidence in combination with a clinician’s expertise as well as patient preferences and values to make decisions about  the type of care that is provided. Resources must be considered in the decision-making process as well. Significance of EBPCollection, interpretation, and integration of valid, important, and applicable patient reported and research derived evidence Knowledge obtained from research evidence is transformed into clinical practice, culminating in nursing practice that it evidence-based Allows nurses to use the best research evidence in making clinical decisionsChapter Two – Fain TextbookResearch Process Selecting/ defin ing the problem Must be significant to nursing Add to body of existing knowledge Problem areas from practice Review of literature provides background, rationale, and justification for study Develop research questions/hypotheses Selecting a research design Overall plan or structure for planning to answer research questions and/or test hypotheses Identify methods for selecting the sample, testing, and measurement Methods Data collection Organizing data for analysis Data Analysis Analyzing and interpreting results; arriving at conclusion Utilizing the Research Sharing the findings with colleaguesTypes of researchQualitative data:information collected in a narrative form such as transcript of an unstructured interviewQuantitative data:organization and interpretation of narrative data with purpose of discovering important underlying themes, categories, patterns and relationships

Nabopolassar Babylonian King

Definition: Nabopolassar was the first king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, ruling from November 626 - August 605 B.C. He had been general in a revolt against Assyria after the Assyrian king Assurbanipal died in 631. Nabopolassar was made king on November 23, 626*. In 614, the Medes, led by Cyaxares ([Uvakhshatra] king of the Umman Manda), conquered Assur, and the Babylonians under Nabopolassar joined forces with them. In 612, in the Battle of Ninevah, Nabopolassar of Babylonia, with the assistance of the Medes, destroyed Assyria. The new Babylonian empire incorporated Babylonians, Assyrians, and Chaldeans, and was an ally of the Medes. Nabopolasars empire extended from the Persian Gulf to Egypt. Nabopolassar restored the temple of the sun god Shamash st Sippar, according to Civilizations of Ancient Iraq. Nabopolassar was the father of Nebuchadnezzar. For information on the Babylonian Chronicles which has source material on the Babylonian king, see Livius: Mesopotamian Chronicles. * The Babylonian Chronicle, by David Noel Freedman The Biblical Archaeologist  © 1956 The American Schools of Oriental Research Also,  see  A.T. Olmsteads History of the Persian Empire. Examples: The Nabopolassar Chronicle, which was published by C. J. Gadd in 1923, covers the events around the time of the fall of Ninevah. It is based on a cuneiform text in the British Museum (B.M. 21901) that is known as the Babylonian Chronicle.